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The oil products produced by the aforementioned devices cannot generally be directly used as commodities. In order to meet the commodity requirements, in addition to blending and adding additives, further refinement is often required to remove impurities and improve performance to meet actual requirements. Common impurities include compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen, as well as waxes and gums that are mixed in oil. They can make the oil smell, dark color, corrosion machinery and equipment, not easy to save. Common methods for removing impurities include acid and alkali refining, deodorization, hydrogenation, solvent refining, white clay refining, dewaxing, and the like. Acid refining is the treatment of oils with sulfuric acid to remove certain sulfur compounds, nitrogen compounds, and gums. Alkaline refining is the treatment of oil products with caustic soda aqueous solution, such as gasoline, diesel oil, and lubricating oil, to remove oxygenates and sulfides, and to remove residual sulfuric acid during acid refining. Acid refining and alkali refining often used in conjunction, so called acid and alkali refining. Deodorization refers to the generation of steam, coal, and diesel fuels made from high-sulfur crude oil, which produces malodors due to the presence of mercaptans. When the thiol content is high, the oil product will be gummy and difficult to preserve. In the presence of a catalyst, it can be treated with a lye and then oxidized with air. Hydrogenation is hydrogenation in the presence of a catalyst at 300-425°C under a pressure of 1.5 MPa to remove sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen compounds and metal impurities, improve oil storage performance and corrosiveness and flammability. In a variety of oil products. Dewaxing is mainly used for refining aviation kerosene, diesel and so on. Waxes in oil form crystals of wax at low temperatures, affect flow properties, and tend to clog pipes. Dewaxing is very important for aviation oils. Dewaxing can be adsorbed by molecular sieves. The refining of lubricating oils often uses solvent refining to remove undesirable components to improve composition and color. Dewaxing is sometimes needed. White clay refining is usually placed at the end of the refining process, and clay (mainly composed of silica and alumina) adsorbs harmful substances.
Acid refining
The oil is treated with sulfuric acid to remove certain sulfur compounds, nitrogen compounds, and gums.
Alkaline refining
The treatment of oil products with aqueous caustic soda, such as gasoline, diesel oil, and lubricating oil, removes oxygenates and sulfides, and removes residual sulfuric acid during acid refining. The combination of acid refining and alkali refining is often referred to as acid-base refining.
Deodorization
It is for steam, coal, and diesel oils made from high-sulfur crude oil, and it has a foul odor due to the presence of mercaptan. When the mercaptan content is high, it can cause oily products to be gummy and difficult to preserve. In the presence of a catalyst, it can be treated with a lye and then oxidized with air.
Hydrogenation
It is hydrogenated in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature of 300-425°C and a pressure of 1.5 MPa to remove sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen compounds and metal impurities, and to improve the storage properties and corrosiveness and flammability of oil products. Oil products.
Dewaxing
Mainly used for refining aviation kerosene, diesel and so on. Waxes in oil form crystals of wax at low temperatures, affect flow properties, and tend to clog pipes. Dewaxing is very important for aviation oils. Dewaxing can be adsorbed by molecular sieves. Lubricating oils often use solvent refining to remove undesirable components to improve composition and color. Dewaxing is sometimes needed.
White clay refining
Generally placed at the end of the refining process, harmful substances are adsorbed by clay (mainly composed of silica and alumina).
lubricating oil
Raw materials mainly come from the distillation of crude oil. The most important properties of lubricating oils are viscosity, stability and lubricity. The basic process for producing lubricating oil is essentially the removal of undesired components in the feedstock oil, mainly gums, asphaltenes and compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, as well as waxes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which mainly affect the viscosity, Stability, color. The methods include solvent refining, dewaxing and deasphalting, hydrogenation and white clay refining.
Solvent refining
It is the use of solvents for different components of the solubility to achieve the purpose of refining, for the vast majority of the lubricant production process. Common solvents are furfural and phenol. The production process is similar to aromatic hydrocarbon extraction in the reformer.
Solvent dewaxing
Is to remove the lubricating oil raw materials easy to produce crystallized components at low temperatures, mainly refers to paraffin wax, dewaxing cold crystallization method, in order to overcome the viscosity at low temperatures is too large, paraffin wax crystal is too small for inconvenience filtration, often adding no effect on the wax Mixed solvents, such as toluene-methyl ethyl ketone, so dewaxing is often referred to as ketone benzene dewaxing.
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